Oil stocks on land are near a decade low, complicating Bitcoin’s inflation relief hopes

The IEA linked the waterborne buildup to recovering Gulf exports. Gulf crude shipments reached 13.9 million barrels a day in September, more than 75% of pre-war levels. Oil afloat remains part of global inventory.

Recovering exports are a route toward relief, but storage and delivery still matter. The IEA put end-September onshore stocks near their lowest levels since at least 2016. It also said record tanker rates raised crude delivery costs and squeezed refinery margins in Europe and Asia.

The Federal Reserve’s October 14 Beige Book described the transmission into business costs. Contacts reported elevated diesel prices and fuel surcharges passing increased costs through supply chains. Those observations were collected on or before October 5. Consumer-facing firms also reported resistance to price increases and squeezed margins, limiting their ability to pass costs on.

US diesel prices have shown some relief. The US Energy Information Administration’s October 14 release put US on-highway diesel at $6.179 a gallon on October 12, down 2 cents from October 5, although still $2.514 above a year earlier.

Financing relief remains conditional

For Bitcoin, persistent energy inflation could delay easier US financing and constrain investors’ appetite for risky assets.

The Fed announced a quarter-point increase in its target range to 3.75%–4% on September 16, effective September 17. Authors of an August 2023 IMF working paper found that Fed tightening weighed on a historical measure of crypto prices by reducing investors’ appetite for risk.

The New York Fed’s SOFR benchmark was 3.88% on October 14, within a 3.87%–3.89% range across the five latest observations available October 16. It measures secured overnight dollar lending, separate from Bitcoin derivatives funding.

The next test is whether recovering exports rebuild land-based stocks and reduce freight and fuel surcharges enough for supply relief to reach businesses.